Raw fireweed leaves

• High-dose zinc supplements can cause copper deficiency. This applies to supplements, not to food. People who regularly take high doses of zinc, or use large amounts of zinc-containing denture cream, can develop copper deficiency, because zinc inhibits copper absorption. Evidence: cu-04
• The upper limit does not apply to this number. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 3,000 mcg a day applies only to preformed vitamin A from animal sources and supplements, not to the carotenoids in plant foods. Intakes of preformed vitamin A above that level, and some retinoid medicines, can cause congenital birth defects. Evidence: vita-03 · vita-04
• This number is not what your body gets. Plant foods contain only non-heme iron, which is absorbed far less readily than the heme iron in meat, seafood and poultry. Absorption runs about 14–18% from mixed diets that include meat, seafood and vitamin C, and 5–12% from vegetarian diets. Vitamin C and meat eaten in the same meal raise it. Phytate in grains and beans, and polyphenols in foods such as spinach, lower it. Calcium is unusual in lowering absorption of both forms. Evidence: iron-18 · iron-04 · iron-05 · iron-06 · iron-19

Per 100 g, from USDA FoodData Central (laboratory entries) and FNDDS (foods as eaten in the US dietary survey). They differ from this one in cut, part, pack, recipe or preparation, so we list them here rather than on separate pages.

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Data: USDA FoodData Central, SR Legacy, release 2018-04 (final), FDC ID 169399. Described in USDA as Fireweed, leaves, raw; we shorten these names for readability and keep the original here. Values are per 3.5 oz (100 g) of edible portion as USDA reports them; a serving may be more or less.

Portion: "1 cup, chopped" = 23 g is the primary household measure USDA records for this food. Per-100 g values let you compare foods; per-portion values are closer to what you actually eat.

% Daily Value: FDA Daily Values for adults and children 4+ (FDA, page updated 2024-03-05). "High" means ≥20% DV and "good source" 10–19% DV — FDA's labeling cut-offs (21 CFR 101.54), which apply per serving; we apply the same cut-offs to 100 g so foods can be compared. No DV exists for energy or total sugars, so those show no percentage.

Checked: 2026-09-15. Methodology. Found an error? editorial@biomanutrient.app