Pineapple juice: what a glass carries, and what it was tested for

The strongest evidence that touches pineapple juice is about fruit juice as a class. A meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials in 1381 women and children found that adding vitamin C rich fruits or juices to meals raised serum ferritin by 9.4 micrograms per liter and hemoglobin by 1.3 g/L. Pineapple juice was not studied on its own in those trials. A second meta-analysis of 100% fruit juice found lower uric acid than with control drinks and no difference in blood glucose markers, and its abstract gives no sizes. For pineapple juice itself, the firm numbers are in the glass. A 248 g glass in US survey data carries about 131 calories and 24.8 g of sugars. Vitamin C is where the tables part ways: 11 mg per 3.5 oz (100 g) in UK data against 43.8 mg in US data, a fourfold gap that most likely comes from ascorbic acid added to American juices.

The numbers, per 3.5 oz (100 g)

As people eat it, per 3.5 oz (100 g)

How much is actually in it

• In a 14-day controlled study of 60 adults, a powder made from the pineapple pulp left over after juicing, 7.41 g a day, improved bowel movement frequency compared with placebo. — adults split into control (placebo 10.75 g), green banana powder (10.75 g) or pineapple fiber powder (7.41 g) groups, each giving 5 g fiber a day, for 14 days (n = 60) Evidence C source
  Pineapple fiber powder improved all bowel frequencies tested from day 0 to 7; no constipation or diarrhea reported
• Pineapple juice carries almost no fiber, 0.2 g per 3.5 oz (100 g) in US survey data and only a trace in UK data, with fructose and glucose in equal amounts. — USDA FNDDS survey food Pineapple juice, 100% (FDC 2709329); CoFID 2021 code 14-286 Pineapple juice, unsweetened (n = 2 records) Evidence E source
  Fiber 0.2 g/100 g (FNDDS) vs 0.8 g/100 g for canned pineapple in juice (FDC 2709263); CoFID AOAC fiber Tr, NSP Tr, fructose 2.9 g, glucose 2.9 g per 3.5 oz (100 g)
• UK composition data give unsweetened pineapple juice 41 calories, 10.5 g sugars and 11 mg vitamin C per 3.5 oz (100 g), while US survey data list 43.8 mg vitamin C. — CoFID 2021 record 14-286 and FNDDS 64124020 (n = 2 records) Evidence E source
  CoFID: 41 calories, sugars 10.5 g, vitamin C 11 mg, potassium 53 mg; FNDDS: 53 calories, sugars 9.98 g, vitamin C 43.8 mg per 3.5 oz (100 g)

What a real portion looks like

• In US survey data an unspecified glass of pineapple juice is 248 g, carrying about 131 calories and 24.8 g sugars, and a school container is 124 g. — FNDDS survey food Pineapple juice, 100% (code 64124020, FDC 2709329) Evidence E source
  248 g = 131.4 calories, 24.8 g sugars, 108.6 mg vitamin C; 124 g school container = 65.7 calories, 12.4 g sugars

What your body absorbs

• A meta-analysis of 15 RCTs found that adding vitamin C rich fruits or juices to meals raised serum ferritin by 9.4 ug/L and hemoglobin by 1.3 g/L. — 15 RCTs, n = 1381, females aged 15-74 and children (n = 1381) Evidence A source
  Serum ferritin MD 9.39 ug/L (P<0.001, moderate certainty); hemoglobin MD 1.34 g/L (P=0.01)

What cooking and storage change

• In mice with colitis, fresh pineapple juice gave lower colon inflammation scores than juice boiled for 10 minutes to inactivate its enzymes. — IL-10-deficient mice with piroxicam-triggered colitis, fresh or boiled pineapple juice in drinking water for 16 days (n = 18 mice (9 per group)) Evidence D source
  Histologic score 29 +/- 4 (fresh) vs 39 +/- 3 (boiled), p = 0.05
• Spoilage bacteria Alicyclobacillus were found in 6.1% of tropical and subtropical juice concentrates and gave pineapple juice a cheesy off-aroma. — 180 tropical and subtropical juice concentrates (n = 180) Evidence C source
  6.1% positive for Alicyclobacillus; off-aroma from 2-methylbutyric and 3-methylbutyric acid in pineapple juice
• For canned fruit and juice, the USDA retention table keeps 50% of vitamin C and folate and 80% of thiamin. — USDA retention factors for Fruits and Fruit Juices, canned Evidence E source
  Vitamin C 50%, folate 50%, thiamin 80%, potassium 90% retained (code 154)

What it does to your health

• A 2026 network meta-analysis of 19 RCTs in functional constipation ranked fruit-based foods above fiber supplements and placebo for bowel movement frequency, with moderate certainty against placebo. — RCTs of dietary interventions in patients with functional constipation, searched to 20 August 2025 (n = 19 RCTs) Evidence A source
  Fruit-based foods better than fiber supplements (moderate certainty), mineral water (low) and placebo (moderate) for defecation frequency
• A 2023 meta-analysis of bromelain trials found oral bromelain lowered pain scores only slightly more than controls, by 0.27 points across 9 studies. — clinical studies of oral bromelain versus controls, searched to August 2022 (54 articles reviewed, 39 meta-analyzed) (n = 9 studies (pain outcome)) Evidence A source
  Pain score MD -0.27 (95% CI -0.45 to -0.08), I2 = 29%
• In a crossover RCT of 14 overweight adults, a drink of pineapple, blackcurrant and plum juices taken with a high-fat meal blocked the rise in the inflammatory marker IL-17 seen with placebo. — healthy overweight adults eating a 1344 calories high-fat meal with placebo or the fruit juice drink (n = 14) Evidence B source
  IL-17 rose +2.6 pg/ml at 1 h to +2.98 pg/ml at 4 h after the meal with placebo; marked inhibition with the juice drink (ANOVA between treatment p = 0.037)
• An updated meta-analysis found that 100% fruit juice gave lower uric acid than control drinks and no difference in glucose metabolism. — RCTs and prospective studies of 100% fruit juice intake Evidence A source
  Uric acid lower vs comparator; glucose metabolism no difference; sizes not in abstract
• A meta-analysis of 16 imaging studies found that drinking pineapple juice before MRCP improved bile and pancreatic duct visibility about fivefold in odds versus no contrast. — 16 studies, 1360 participants undergoing MRCP or MR enterography (n = 1360) Evidence C source
  Combined OR 5.01 (95% CI 2.34 to 10.64) for improved pancreaticobiliary duct visibility

Safety, limits and interactions

• A 2023 systematic review of seven randomized trials of bromelain supplements found side effects in 11 participants, mainly gastrointestinal, and two stopped treatment. — adults in RCTs of bromelain alone or combined, 200 to 1200 mg a day for 1 to 16 weeks (n = 7 RCTs) Evidence A source
  11 participants with side effects, 2 discontinuations; adverse effects mainly gastrointestinal
• The US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health says the most commonly reported side effects of bromelain are stomach upset and diarrhea. — people taking bromelain supplements orally Evidence E source
  Most common side effects: stomach upset, diarrhea
• A 2024 review of bromelain notes trial reports of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions and bleeding risk, especially with anticoagulants such as warfarin and clopidogrel. — clinical trials of bromelain supplements summarized in a narrative review Evidence D source
  Temporary diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, bleeding risk with anticoagulants
• Across seven randomized trials of bromelain supplements, 11 participants reported side effects, mainly gastrointestinal, and two stopped treatment. — adults in RCTs of bromelain alone or combined, 200 to 1200 mg a day for 1 to 16 weeks (n = 7 RCTs) Evidence A source
  11 participants with side effects, 2 discontinuations
• NCCIH advises people on any medicine to talk with a health care provider before using bromelain, since some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways. — people taking medicines who consider bromelain supplements Evidence E source
  Consult a provider before use
• A 2024 review of bromelain lists diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions and bleeding risk in trials, especially with anticoagulants such as warfarin and clopidogrel. — clinical trials of bromelain supplements summarized in a narrative review Evidence D source
  Temporary diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, bleeding risk with anticoagulants
• Laboratory data suggest pineapple juice strongly inhibits the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2C9, but this has not been confirmed in people. — human liver microsomes, in vitro Evidence D source
  5.0% v/v pineapple juice almost completely inhibited CYP2C9 activity

What people believe that the data does not support

• In an open study of 91 people with functional dyspepsia after H. pylori treatment, a supplement mixing pineapple, papaya, ginger, fennel and alginate improved symptom scores by 1.78 points against no change without it. — consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia after H. pylori eradication, treated with Perdiges (n = 55) or not (n = 36), 30 days (n = 91) Evidence C source
  VAS improved 1.78 points vs worsening 0.08 (P < 0.0001); PPI abstention 100% vs 86.1% (P = 0.008)
• The US National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health says only that some studies suggest oral bromelain might ease some symptoms after wisdom tooth surgery. — people taking bromelain supplements orally Evidence E source
  Possible relief of some post-surgical symptoms; no claim for general inflammation
• The EU refused a claim that pineapple powder with bromelain helps slimming and drains cellulite, and no health claim is authorized for pineapple juice. — EU labeling rule Evidence E source
  Non-authorized claim

Who this works differently for

• In a triple-blind RCT of 70 people with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, 400 mg of pineapple enzyme bromelain a day for 8 weeks lowered disease activity scores more than placebo, with no change in quality of life. — individuals with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis, 400 mg bromelain daily or maltodextrin placebo for eight weeks (n = 70) Evidence B source
  SCCAI change -3.29 +/- 2.17 vs -1.11 +/- 1.71 (p < 0.001); QoL change 3.76 vs 3.91 (p = 0.90)
• The same NCCIH page says little is known about whether bromelain is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding. — pregnant or breastfeeding women Evidence E source
  Safety unknown
• In a 12-week double-blind RCT of 68 Chinese adults with diabetes, 1050 mg of bromelain a day did not lower C-reactive protein or fibrinogen more than placebo. — Chinese patients with diabetes and at least one cardiovascular risk factor, bromelain 1050 mg/day or placebo for 12 weeks (n = 68) Evidence B source
  Fibrinogen mean difference 0.23 g/L (p = 0.291); no significant difference in CRP, lipids, blood pressure, glucose
• In a placebo-controlled trial of 42 young adults after wisdom tooth removal, freeze-dried pineapple extract with 200 mg bromelain reduced facial swelling on days 3 and 7, as did purified bromelain. — adults aged 19 to 27 years after extraction of one mandibular third molar, freeze-dried pineapple extract or purified bromelain (200 mg bromelain per 2.5 g) or placebo for 7 days (n = 42) Evidence B source
  Swelling lower than placebo on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.0001); about half the ibuprofen intake (p < 0.0001); trismus not different
• In a 9-week trial of 98 school children in the Philippines funded by a pineapple company, those given 4.9 oz (140 g) or 9.9 oz (280 g) of canned pineapple a day had a much shorter average duration of infection than controls. — school children, mean age 8.4 years, normal weight or underweight, given no pineapple, 140 g or 280 g canned pineapple daily for nine weeks (n = 98) Evidence B source
  Average infection duration 3.26 to 3.30 days (pineapple) vs 5.28 days (control) in normal-weight children; granulocytes and CD16+56 cells increased
• NCCIH says little is known about whether bromelain is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding. — pregnant or breastfeeding women Evidence E source
  Safety unknown
• In a study of 19 patients with obesity, the 11 who drank 1.1 quarts (1 L) of 100% pineapple juice daily for 3 days before intragastric balloon removal had no food remnants in the stomach. — 19 obese patients (17 female, 2 male) undergoing intragastric balloon removal (n = 19) Evidence C source
  No undigested food at endoscopy after pineapple juice, vs remnants in the first 8 patients before juice

What is still unknown

• A 2024 meta-analysis of foods, drinks and diets for chronic constipation in adults found 23 studies with 1714 participants, and none tested pineapple or pineapple juice. — intervention trials (RCTs, non-randomized, uncontrolled) of foods, drinks and diets in adults with chronic constipation, searched to July 2023 (n = 23 studies (17 RCTs), 1714 participants) Evidence A source
  No pineapple or pineapple juice studies; the only juice tested was prune juice (n = 1 study)
• In the same study, after 7 days only 44 percent of people on pineapple fiber powder reported normal stool, against 65 percent on placebo, before stools normalized by day 14. — adults taking placebo, green banana powder or pineapple fiber powder for 14 days (n = 60) Evidence C source
  Normal stool at day 7: control 65%, green banana 79%, pineapple fiber 44%; Bristol type 3-4 by day 14 in both powder groups
• The digestive case for bromelain rests on a review statement that it may aid digestion in pancreatic insufficiency or with high-protein meals, citing a single source rather than trials of juice. — people with digestive disorders or pancreatic insufficiency Evidence D source
  Possible digestive aid; no effect size
• A 2023 systematic review of seven randomized trials of bromelain supplements, the pineapple enzymes, found their effect on blood markers of inflammation inconsistent. — adults in RCTs of bromelain alone or combined with other oral compounds, 99.9 to 1200 mg a day for 1 to 16 weeks (n = 7 RCTs) Evidence A source
  Reductions in some markers in four trials; overall effect inconsistent across IL-6, TNF-alpha, CRP and other markers; no pooled estimate
• The same 2023 meta-analysis concluded bromelain may help sinusitis but did not work for cardiovascular disease. — clinical studies of oral bromelain, searched to August 2022 (n = 54 articles reviewed, 39 meta-analyzed) Evidence A source
  Possible benefit in sinusitis; no effect in cardiovascular diseases
• In a 2026 single-blind RCT of 60 patients after skin cancer surgery, 1500 mg of bromelain a day for 15 days sped healing but did not significantly reduce inflammation. — patients with non-melanoma skin cancer after Mohs surgery and flap reconstruction, bromelain 1500 mg/day for 15 days or standard care (n = 60) Evidence B source
  Suture removal 2.6 days earlier (95% CI 0.74 to 4.11); inflammation, pain and cosmetic satisfaction only non-significant trends
• An umbrella review of 51 meta-analyses on 100% juice found benefits in about one in five, risks in three, and no effect in three quarters, with risks seen only in cohort studies. — 15 systematic reviews, 51 primary meta-analyses, 50-1200 mL/day (n = 51 meta-analyses) Evidence C source
  Benefits 19.6% of MAs (blood pressure, vascular function, inflammation, stroke mortality); risks 5.9%; no effect 74.5%
• A scoping review for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 found low to moderate juice intake not linked to chronic disease risk, but judged the evidence on juice and health limited. — systematic reviews and meta-analyses on fruit juice Evidence C source
  No apparent chronic disease risk at low to moderate intake; weight gain link unclear

The bottom line

Hospitals have found a practical use for the juice. A meta-analysis of 16 non-randomized imaging studies in 1360 people found that drinking pineapple juice before an MRCP scan improved how well the bile and pancreatic ducts showed up, an odds ratio of 5.01 (95% CI 2.34 to 10.64). The studies disagreed with each other strongly, and one earlier study on this very use was retracted, with no way to tell from the abstract whether it sits inside the pooled result. In an uncontrolled study of people with obesity, the 11 who drank 1.1 quarts (1 L) of 100% pineapple juice a day for 3 days before their stomach balloon was removed had no food left in the stomach. The 8 treated before them without juice did. A liter a day is a large dose of sugar. The caution on this page is about medicines, and it rests on the weakest kind of evidence. In human liver cells in the lab, pineapple juice at 5% of the mixture almost completely blocked CYP2C9, an enzyme that clears some drugs. Nobody has confirmed this in people, the one human trial with diclofenac has posted no results, and pasteurized juice may carry less active bromelain. We found no data on pregnancy or children specific to pineapple juice. Alicyclobacillus turned up in 6.1% of 180 tropical juice concentrates and gave pineapple juice a cheesy smell, which spoils quality and is not a food poisoning germ. Canning keeps about half the vitamin C by the USDA group factor for canned fruit and juice, a figure from 1975 that was never measured on pineapple juice. The EU refused a claim that pineapple powder with bromelain helps slimming and drains cellulite. That product was powder and stem extract, the refusal means the evidence fell short, and no health claim is authorized for the juice. On juice in general the picture is mostly flat. An umbrella review of 51 meta-analyses of 100% juice at 3.4 to 41 tbsp (50 to 1200 mL) a day found benefits in 19.6%, risks in 5.9% and no effect in 74.5%, with the risks coming only from cohort studies. A review for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 found low to moderate intake not linked to chronic disease, left the link with weight gain unclear and called the evidence limited.

Compared with other foods

Sources

1. ev-pjd-03 · controlled clinical trial
   In contrast, GBP and PFP improved all frequencies tested, even at early stages (days 0 to 7) of the study.
   Front Nutr, 2024, Effect of green banana and pineapple fibre powder consumption on host gut microbiome · checked 2026-10-07
2. ev-pjd-05 · food composition dataset
   Pineapple juice, 100% (fdc_id 2709329): Fiber, total dietary 0.2 g per 100 g. Pineapple, canned, juice pack (fdc_id 2709263): Fiber, total dietary 0.8 g per 100 g. Pineapple juice, unsweetened (CoFID 2021, code 14-286): AOAC fibre Tr; NSP Tr; Fructose 2.9 g; Glucose 2.9 g per 100 g
   USDA FNDDS, FoodData Central survey food 2709329 and 2709263; CoFID 2021 (PHE, OGL v3.0) code 14-286 · checked 2026-10-07
3. pnju-daily-r5-08 · CoFID 2021 and USDA FNDDS datasets
   Pineapple juice, unsweetened (CoFID 2021, code 14-286): Energy 41 kcal; Total sugars 10.5 g; Vitamin C 11 mg; Potassium 53 mg per 100 g. Pineapple juice, 100% (fdc_id 2709329): Energy 53 kcal; Total Sugars 9.98 g; Vitamin C 43.8 mg per 100 g
   CoFID 2021 (PHE, OGL v3.0) code 14-286; USDA FNDDS survey food 2709329 · checked 2026-09-29
4. pnju-daily-r5-09 · USDA FNDDS, dataset
   Pineapple juice, 100% (fdc_id 2709329): Quantity not specified 248 g = 131.4 kcal, Total Sugars 24.8 g, Vitamin C 108.6 mg; 1 individual school container 124 g = 65.7 kcal, Total Sugars 12.4 g
   USDA FNDDS, FoodData Central survey food 2709329 · checked 2026-09-29
5. pnju-daily-r5-01 · meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
   RESULTS: After screening 2594 unique records, 15 RCTs (n = 1381; 806 interventions, 575 controls) met inclusion criteria. Including ascorbate-rich fruits in meals had a positive impact on serum ferritin [7 trials, n = 762; mean difference (MD) = 9.39 μg/L; P < 0.001; moderate certainty], hemoglobin (12 trials, n = 1141; MD = 1.34 g/L; P = 0.01; moderate certainty)
   Am J Clin Nutr, 2026 · checked 2026-09-29
6. ev-pji-09 · animal study
   Colonic inflammation was significantly decreased in mice that received fresh juice (mean histologic score ± SEM = 29 ± 4; n = 9) compared with mice that received boiled juice (mean histologic score ± SEM = 39 ± 3; n = 9; p = 0.05 )
   Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2010, Dietary Supplementation with Fresh Pineapple Juice Decreases Inflammation and Colonic Neoplasia in IL-10-deficient Mice with Colitis · checked 2026-10-07
7. pnju-daily-r5-07 · prevalence survey
   Of these samples, 6.1% were positive for Alicyclobacillus, and nine A. acidoterrestris strains and two Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius strains were identified. ... GC-O of pineapple juice revealed an unexpected "cheese" off-aroma associated with 2-methylbutyric acid and 3-methylbutyric acid.
   Food Microbiol, 2011 · checked 2026-09-29
8. pnju-daily-r5-10 · USDA Table of Nutrient Retention Factors, Release 6, dataset
   USDA-RETN-R6:154 FRUITS,CANNED vitamin C 50%; folate 50%; thiamin 80%; potassium 90%
   USDA Table of Nutrient Retention Factors, Release 6, 2007, code 154 · checked 2026-09-29
9. ev-pjd-02 · network meta-analysis
   For defecation frequency, fruit-based foods (category 1) were better than fiber supplements (moderate certainty), mineral water (low certainty), and placebo (moderate certainty).
   Am J Clin Nutr, 2026 · checked 2026-10-07
10. ev-pji-02 · meta-analysis
    Pain reduction from oral bromelain was slightly but significantly better than controls (mean difference in pain score = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.45, -0.08; n = 9; I2 = 29%).
    Nutrition and Health, 2023, Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Leelakanok et al.) · checked 2026-10-07
11. ev-pji-04 · RCT
    When the HFM was consumed in the presence of the FJD a marked inhibition of IL-17 response to the HFM was observed (ANOVA between treatment p=0.037).
    Curr Pharm Des, 2012 · checked 2026-10-07
12. pnju-daily-r5-02 · meta-analysis
    In summary, this meta-analysis confirmed that there was no difference between 100%FJ intake and the comparator on glucose metabolism. It also showed that 100%FJ intake resulted in lower levels of uric acid than the comparator.
    J Med Food, 2025 · checked 2026-09-29
13. pnju-daily-r5-04 · meta-analysis of non-randomized studies
    Compared to non-contrast MRCP, MRCP with pineapple juice showed improved pancreaticobiliary duct visibility (Combined odds ratio, 5.01; 95 % CI: 2.34, 10.64; p < 0.0001).
    Eur J Radiol, 2026 · checked 2026-09-29
14. ev-pjd-08 · systematic review
    Eleven (11) participants experienced side effects, and two discontinued treatment in the studies. The reported adverse effects were mainly gastrointestinal but well tolerated.
    Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2023 · checked 2026-10-07
15. ev-pjd-09 · agency position
    The most commonly reported side effects have been stomach upset and diarrhea.
    NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bromelain (last updated November 2024) · checked 2026-10-07
16. ev-pjd-11 · narrative review
    Although bromelain is well tolerated and considered a safe nutraceutical, clinical trials have reported some side effects, including temporary diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, and risk of bleeding, especially in people treated with anticoagulants such as warfarin and clopidogrel [1].
    Children (Basel), 2024, Current Uses of Bromelain in Children: A Narrative Review · checked 2026-10-07
17. ev-pji-11 · systematic review
    Eleven (11) participants experienced side effects, and two discontinued treatment in the studies. The reported adverse effects were mainly gastrointestinal but well tolerated.
    Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2023 · checked 2026-10-07
18. ev-pji-12 · agency position
    If you take any type of medicine, talk with your health care provider before using bromelain or other herbal products; some herbs and medicines interact in harmful ways.
    NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bromelain (last updated November 2024) · checked 2026-10-07
19. ev-pji-13 · narrative review
    Although bromelain is well tolerated and considered a safe nutraceutical, clinical trials have reported some side effects, including temporary diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, and risk of bleeding, especially in people treated with anticoagulants such as warfarin and clopidogrel [1].
    Children (Basel), 2024, Current Uses of Bromelain in Children: A Narrative Review · checked 2026-10-07
20. pnju-daily-r5-06 · in vitro study
    Among the fruits, pineapple juice showed potent inhibition of CYP2C9 activity. The addition of 25 microl (5.0% v/v) of pineapple juice resulted in almost complete inhibition.
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 2008 · checked 2026-09-29
21. ev-pjd-07 · prospective cohort
    The VAS scale of those who took Perdiges improved on average by 1.78 points versus a worsening of 0.08 points of those who did not take it (P<0.0001).
    Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol, 2014 · checked 2026-10-07
22. ev-pji-10 · agency position
    Some studies suggest that oral bromelain might be helpful for reducing some symptoms associated with wisdom tooth surgery.
    NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bromelain (last updated November 2024) · checked 2026-10-07
23. pnju-daily-r5-11 · regulatory decision
    POL-HC-6600 Ananas : Pineapple powder (Ananas sativus) obtained from fruit juice and stems AND Dry aqueous extract of pineapple standardized at 2% of bromelain Recommended during slimming diet, at the same time of dietary measures. Pineapple is a tropical plant whose stems contain bromelain, a proteolytic enzymatic complex. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme with anti-edematous activity which can help to drain tissues with cellulitis. Non-authorised
    EU Register on nutrition and health claims, claim POL-HC-6600, snapshot 2026-09-21 · checked 2026-09-29
24. ev-pjd-06 · RCT
    The bromelain group had considerably higher changes in their SCCAI score in comparison with the placebo group (-3.29 ± 2.17 vs. -1.11 ± 1.71; p < 0.001).
    Sci Rep, 2025 · checked 2026-10-07
25. ev-pjd-10 · agency position
    Little is known about whether it's safe to use bromelain during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
    NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bromelain (last updated November 2024) · checked 2026-10-07
26. ev-pji-05 · RCT
    Similarly, the difference in mean change in other CVD risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure), blood glucose, C-reactive protein and anthropometric measures between the bromelain and placebo groups was also not statistically significant.
    Chin J Integr Med, 2016 · checked 2026-10-07
27. ev-pji-06 · RCT
    Furthermore, a comparison among the groups indicated a substantial reduction in swelling on days 3 and 7 in both the bromelain and Brome-Inf® groups (p < 0.0001) as opposed to the placebo group.
    Nutrients, 2024, An Evaluation of the Effects of Pineapple-Extract and Bromelain-Based Treatment after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery · checked 2026-10-07
28. ev-pji-08 · RCT
    These data only reveal that the average duration of infection is much shorter for subjects who consumed canned pineapple compared with the control.
    Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2014, Effects of Canned Pineapple Consumption on Nutritional Status, Immunomodulation, and Physical Health of Selected School Children · checked 2026-10-07
29. ev-pji-14 · agency position
    Little is known about whether it's safe to use bromelain during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
    NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Bromelain (last updated November 2024) · checked 2026-10-07
30. pnju-daily-r5-05 · clinical study
    The next 11 patients were also advised to drink 1 liter per day of 100% pineapple juice for 3 days before the endoscopic removal. ... In the other 11 patients, no food remnants were observed after taking pineapple juice prior to the endoscopic removal procedure.
    Turk J Gastroenterol, 2013 · checked 2026-09-29
31. ev-pjd-01 · meta-analysis
    We included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high-mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high-fibre diet, no-fibre diet (n = 1).
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
32. ev-pjd-04 · controlled clinical trial
    After 7 days, normal stool was reported by 65% of control participants versus 79% of GBP participants and 44% of PFP participants.
    Front Nutr, 2024, Effect of green banana and pineapple fibre powder consumption on host gut microbiome · checked 2026-10-07
33. ev-pjd-12 · narrative review
    At the gastrointestinal level, bromelain may aid digestion in individuals affected by digestive disorders or pancreatic insufficiency, especially with high-protein meals [24].
    Children (Basel), 2024, Current Uses of Bromelain in Children: A Narrative Review · checked 2026-10-07
34. ev-pji-01 · systematic review
    The general effect of bromelain supplementation on inflammation is inconsistent because of population heterogeneity, doses used, treatment duration, and parameters evaluated.
    Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2023 · checked 2026-10-07
35. ev-pji-03 · meta-analysis
    Bromelain may be effective against sinusitis but was not effective for cardiovascular diseases.
    Nutrition and Health, 2023, Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Leelakanok et al.) · checked 2026-10-07
36. ev-pji-07 · RCT
    Other outcomes, including inflammation, pain, and cosmetic satisfaction, showed non-significant trends favoring bromelain.
    BMC Surg, 2026 · checked 2026-10-07
37. pnju-daily-r5-03 · umbrella review
    Ten MAs (19.6%) reported health benefits (4 for blood pressure, 2 for vascular function, 3 for inflammation, 1 for stroke mortality), 3 MAs (5.9%) reported adverse risks (1 each for cardiovascular disease mortality, prostate cancer, type 2 diabetes risk), while most (74.5%) reported no effect (blood lipids, body composition, liver function, metabolic health, cancers, and inflammation). Risks were limited to cohort studies and benefits were found in both cohort and intervention studies.
    Nutr Rev, 2025 · checked 2026-09-29
38. pnju-daily-r5-12 · scoping review
    Current available evidence indicates that low to moderate consumption of fruit juice is not associated with an apparent risk of chronic diseases and may have protective effects on cardiovascular disease. The association between the intake of fruit juice and weight gain remains unclear and might be of concern for some groups of people. Overall, the evidence regarding health effects of fruit juice is limited.
    Food Nutr Res, 2024 · checked 2026-09-29