Cranberry juice: fewer repeat urinary infections, for some people

The reputation is about urinary infections, and here it holds up in part. In a meta-analysis of 10 randomized trials with 1,494 people, cranberry users had a pooled risk ratio of 0.62 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.80) for a urinary infection, and the subgroup who drank the juice had 0.47 (0.30 to 0.72). A larger meta-analysis of 23 trials with 3,979 people prone to these infections put the overall figure at 0.70 (0.59 to 0.83), and that pool mixes juice with capsules and tablets. The groups that gained were women with repeat infections, children and people with urinary catheters. These trials were run in people prone to infections, so they say nothing about a healthy person without that history, and they measured new infections, not the treatment of one already under way. The European Union refused the claim that the juice keeps the urinary system healthy, which means the evidence it was shown was judged insufficient, and that is a different thing from proof of no effect.

The numbers, per 3.5 oz (100 g)

As people eat it, per 3.5 oz (100 g)

How much is actually in it

• Unsweetened cranberry juice from concentrate has no sucrose or vitamin C and about 3.4 g natural sugars per 3.5 oz (100 g) across 8 samples. — 8 US retail samples, Foundation Foods (n = 8 samples) Evidence E source
  Per 100 g: glucose 2.698 g (2.45-3.03), fructose 0.715 g (0.61-0.89), sucrose 0, vitamin C 0, potassium 70.58 mg (61.3-91.2)
• USDA analysis of 8 samples of shelf-stable cranberry juice found about 0.7 g fructose against 2.7 g glucose per 3.5 oz (100 g) and no sucrose, so fructose does not exceed glucose. — US retail samples of cranberry juice, not fortified, from concentrate, shelf stable (n = 8) Evidence E source
  Fructose 0.715 g/100 g (range 0.61-0.89); glucose 2.698 g/100 g (range 2.45-3.03); sucrose 0

What a real portion looks like

• A typical US serving of 100% cranberry juice is 248 g, about 79 calories. — US household measures, FNDDS (n = 1 food code) Evidence E source
  32 calories per 3.5 oz (100 g); unspecified quantity 248 g = 79.4 calories; 1 fl oz 31 g = 9.9 calories

What your body absorbs

• In older adults on omeprazole, taking protein-bound vitamin B12 with cranberry juice raised its absorption from a low 0.50% baseline (p = 0.025). — elderly subjects: 8 normal, 8 on omeprazole, 3 with atrophic gastritis (n = 19) Evidence B source
  B12 absorption 0.50% (omeprazole) vs 1.21% (normal) with water; increase with cranberry juice p = 0.025

What it does to your health

• In a meta-analysis of 10 RCTs with 1,494 people, cranberry juice drinkers had about half the UTI risk of non-users (RR 0.47). — 10 RCTs, 1,494 subjects in quantitative synthesis (n = 1494) Evidence A source
  Overall RR 0.62 (0.49-0.80), I2 43%; juice drinkers RR 0.47 (0.30-0.72)
• Pooled RCTs showed cranberry juice lowered systolic blood pressure by 1.52 mmHg and diastolic by 1.78 mmHg. — 45 chronic RCTs of berries, citrus and cherries, cranberry juice subgroup Evidence A source
  SBP -1.52 mmHg (95% CI -2.97 to -0.07), DBP -1.78 mmHg (-3.43 to -0.12)
• Drinking 17 fl oz (500 mL) a day of 27% cranberry juice for 8 weeks did not change central systolic pressure in 40 adults and cut daytime diastolic pressure by about 2 mmHg. — 40 middle-aged adults with overweight and elevated blood pressure, 8-week crossover (n = 40) Evidence B source
  No effect on central SBP; 24 h daytime ambulatory DBP about -2 mmHg vs placebo (p = 0.05)
• In the same meta-analysis, whole fruits raised stool frequency by 0.36 bowel movements a week more than psyllium, mainly kiwifruit, while prunes did no better than psyllium. — adults with chronic constipation in RCTs comparing fruits with psyllium (n = 232) Evidence A source
  MD +0.36 bowel movements/week (0.25-0.48) for fruits vs psyllium; kiwifruit MD +0.36 (0.24-0.48), n = 192; prunes no difference
• In a double-blind crossover trial of 25 cyclists, 8.1 fl oz (240 ml) a day of unsweetened cranberry beverage for 4 weeks raised cranberry metabolites in urine but did not change gut microbiome diversity compared with placebo. — 25 male and female non-elite cyclists, unsweetened cranberry beverage (317 mg polyphenols) vs placebo beverage, 240 mL/day, two 4-week periods (n = 25) Evidence B source
  No trial differences in alpha or beta microbiota diversity in stool
• In a 5-day crossover feeding trial of 11 healthy adults on an animal-based diet, 30 g a day of freeze-dried whole cranberry powder softened the diet's effect on gut bacteria, bile acids and short-chain fatty acids. — 11 healthy adults, animal-based diet plus 30 g/day freeze-dried whole cranberry powder or placebo powder, 5 days each (n = 11) Evidence B source
  Cranberry attenuated the diet-induced rise in secondary bile acids and fall in fecal SCFA; bowel habit not reported
• A 2018 systematic review of UTI prevention in pregnancy found two cranberry juice trials that looked positive, but a Cochrane meta-analysis that pooled both found cranberry ineffective in pregnancy. — Pregnant women in 2 RCTs of cranberry juice (188 and 760 women), within a review of 8 studies of non-antibiotic UTI prevention (n = 948) Evidence A source
  Individual trials: 57% fewer bacteriuria episodes (underpowered) and fewer UTIs vs water (unblinded poster); pooled in Cochrane: no significant effect
• A systematic review of 14 RCTs of herbal remedies in pregnancy found cranberry did not work for treating urinary tract infections, and only ginger had support. — Pregnant women in 14 RCTs of herbal remedies published 1990-2010 (n = 14 trials) Evidence A source
  Cranberry not efficacious for UTI treatment; ginger effective for nausea
• In an RCT of 188 women under 16 weeks pregnant, 8.1 fl oz (240 mL) of cranberry juice cocktail two or three times a day gave fewer UTIs than placebo (6.9% vs 11.1%), a difference that was not statistically significant. — Pregnant women under 16 weeks' gestation, 27% cranberry juice cocktail 8.1 fl oz (240 mL) two to three times daily, once daily, or placebo, until delivery (n = 188) Evidence B source
  At least one UTI: 6.9% multiple daily vs 10.4% once daily vs 11.1% placebo (p = 0.71); bacteriuria IRR 0.43 (95% CI 0.14 to 1.39) multiple daily, 0.85 (0.34 to 2.08) once daily

Safety, limits and interactions

• In 30 patients on warfarin, 240 mL cranberry juice daily for 2 weeks did not change warfarin blood levels, with INR different only on day 12. — 30 patients on stable warfarin (INR 1.7-3.3), 2 weeks (n = 30) Evidence B source
  No difference in R- and S-warfarin levels; mean INR differed only on day 12 (P<.02)
• Ten healthy adults drinking 6.8 fl oz (200 mL) cranberry juice three times a day for 10 days showed no rise in warfarin, tizanidine or midazolam levels. — 10 healthy volunteers, 6.8 fl oz (200 mL) three times daily for 10 days (n = 10) Evidence B source
  No increase in Cmax or AUC of probe drugs; S-warfarin AUC -7% (P=0.051); no change in anticoagulant effect
• In 7 men with atrial fibrillation on warfarin, 250 mL cranberry juice daily for 7 days left INR unchanged. — 7 men with atrial fibrillation on stable warfarin (n = 7) Evidence B source
  INR at day 7: 2.23 vs 2.16, not significant
• A glass (8.1 fl oz / 240 mL) of cranberry juice did not change cyclosporine exposure in 12 healthy men (AUC ratio 95.0%). — 12 healthy men, single 200 mg cyclosporine dose, 3-way crossover (n = 12) Evidence B source
  AUCt ratio 95.0% (90.3-100.1%), Cmax 95.2% (86.9-104.2%); pomelo juice raised AUCt to 119.4%
• A systematic review of 166 food-drug studies found no significant interaction of cranberry juice with amoxicillin or cefaclor. — 166 pharmacokinetic studies of 32 beta-lactam antibiotics (n = 166 studies) Evidence C source
  No significant interaction for the two drugs tested with cranberry juice
• In a 2023 Cochrane review, 10 randomized trials with 2166 participants found gastrointestinal side effects about as common on cranberry products as on placebo, RR 1.33 with a confidence interval touching 1. — participants of 10 placebo-controlled or no-treatment-controlled trials reporting side effects (n = 10 trials, 2166 participants) Evidence A source
  RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.77, I2 0%, moderate certainty
• In a double-blind trial of 30 patients on stable warfarin, 240 ml of cranberry juice daily for 2 weeks did not change warfarin blood levels, with only a small INR difference on a single day. — 30 patients on stable warfarin anticoagulation (INR 1.7-3.3), 8.1 fl oz (240 mL) cranberry juice or placebo beverage daily for 2 weeks (n = 30) Evidence B source
  No pharmacokinetic interaction; mean INR differed only on day 12 (P<.02)
• The same review found both pregnancy trials asked women to drink 8.1 to 8.5 fl oz (240 to 250 mL) of juice per dose, and both lost many participants, mostly to stomach upset. — Pregnant women in 2 RCTs of cranberry juice, 8.1 fl oz (240 mL) and 250 mL per dose (n = 948) Evidence A source
  High withdrawal rates in both trials, mainly gastrointestinal disturbances
• In the same pregnancy trial, 39% of women dropped out, most because of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or the taste, and three doses a day had to be cut to two. — Pregnant women under 16 weeks' gestation drinking 8.1 fl oz (240 mL) cranberry juice cocktail or placebo up to three times daily (n = 188) Evidence B source
  73/188 (38.8%) withdrew; 44 of 73 for gastrointestinal upset or taste
• In a Norwegian cohort of 68,522 pregnancies, the 919 women who used cranberry showed no clear rise in birth defects after first-trimester use. — Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort, 68,522 pregnancies 1999-2008, 919 cranberry users, 121 in the first trimester (n = 68522) Evidence C source
  First-trimester exposure: overall malformations adjusted OR 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.2); major malformations adjusted OR 1.3 (95% CI 0.5 to 3.6)
• In the same cohort, bleeding after week 17 was more common in cranberry users (9.7% vs 5.8%), but the link was not significant after adjusting for UTI and other factors. — Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort, 68,522 pregnancies, cranberry use in the second or third trimester (n = 68522) Evidence C source
  Crude bleeding after week 17: 9.7% vs 5.8% (p < 0.001); adjusted OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.8, p = 0.08); bleeding more than spotting adjusted OR 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.1)

What people believe that the data does not support

• In 20 young men, 17 fl oz (500 mL) cranberry juice a day for 2 weeks lowered urinary oxalate and raised citrate, the opposite of another stone trial. — 20 South African male students without stones, 2-week crossover (n = 20) Evidence B source
  Oxalate and phosphate excretion decreased, citrate increased (values not in abstract)
• Normal-calorie cranberry juice (280 calories per 480 mL) raised blood glucose at 30 min, while the low-calorie version (38 calories) did not. — healthy adults, six beverage treatments of 16 fl oz (480 mL) Evidence B source
  Glucose higher at 30 min after normal-calorie juice, not after low-calorie juice; no difference by 180 min
• Europe refused the claim that cranberry juice helps keep the urinary system healthy. — — Evidence E source
  Claim non-authorized
• The same NIH center says evidence on whether cranberry interacts with warfarin is conflicting and advises people on warfarin to talk with their provider first. — people taking warfarin or other medicines Evidence E source
  Conflicting evidence on interaction
• The 2026 ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN guideline for childhood functional constipation found no evidence for extra fluid or fiber beyond recommended daily amounts and advises a balanced diet with age-appropriate water. — children aged 0-18 years with functional constipation (n = 102 RCTs reviewed for the guideline) Evidence E source
  Good practice statement: healthy balanced diet with age-appropriate water and fiber; no evidence for more
• The NIH center for complementary health says cranberry in food amounts appears safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, but evidence for larger amounts is not conclusive. — Pregnant and breastfeeding women Evidence E source
  Food amounts: probably safe; larger amounts: not established

Who this works differently for

• A meta-analysis of 23 trials with 3,979 people found cranberry products cut UTI incidence by 30% in susceptible groups (RR 0.70). — 23 trials, 3,979 participants susceptible to UTI (recurrent UTI, children, catheter users) (n = 3979) Evidence A source
  RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.59-0.83); women with recurrent UTI RR 0.68, children RR 0.55, catheter users RR 0.49; juice subgroup RR 0.65 (0.54-0.77)
• Case report: an elderly man on warfarin who drank only cranberry juice for 2 weeks died of internal bleeding. — 1 elderly man on warfarin, cranberry juice as sole intake for 2 weeks (n = 1) Evidence D source
  Fatal hemopericardium and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, causality possible only
• One liter a day of cranberry juice for 7 days raised urinary calcium oxalate saturation by 18% in 24 adults, including stone formers. — 12 healthy adults and 12 calcium oxalate stone formers, controlled diet, 7-day phases (n = 24) Evidence B source
  Urinary oxalate 26.4 to 29.2 mg/day, calcium 154 to 177 mg/day, CaOx saturation +18%, uric acid 544 to 442 mg/day
• In 341 day-care children given cranberry juice or placebo for 3 months, the juice did not change common infections or gut and nose bacteria. — 341 children, mean age 4.3 years, day care centers, 3 months (n = 341) Evidence B source
  No effect on infections or bacterial carriage; drop-outs 11% vs 7%
• Among 295 H. pylori positive children, 6.8 fl oz (200 mL) cranberry juice daily for 3 weeks cleared the infection in 16.9% versus 1.5% on placebo. — 295 asymptomatic H. pylori positive children aged 6-16, 3 weeks (n = 295) Evidence B source
  Eradication 16.9% (juice) vs 1.5% (control), P < 0.01; most relapsed after washout
• In a placebo-controlled trial of 341 day-care children with a mean age of 4.3 years, 3 months of cranberry juice did not change the bacterial fatty acid profile of stools compared with placebo. — children in day care centers, mean age 4.3 years, cranberry juice (n=171) or placebo (n=170) for 3 months (n = 341) Evidence B source
  Fecal fatty acid composition did not differ between groups (P>0.05); no effect on infections or their symptoms
• The NIH center for complementary health says cranberry is generally thought safe, but very large amounts can cause stomach upset and diarrhea, particularly in young children. — general public, young children Evidence E source
  Stomach upset and diarrhea with very large amounts
• In a randomized crossover study of 24 adults, half of them calcium oxalate stone formers, drinking 1.1 quarts (1 liter) of cranberry juice a day for 7 days raised urinary oxalate and calcium oxalate saturation by 18%. — 12 normal subjects and 12 calcium oxalate stone formers on a controlled metabolic diet, 1 L/day cranberry juice vs 1 L/day deionized water, 7-day phases (n = 24) Evidence B source
  Urinary calcium 154 to 177 mg/day; urinary oxalate 26.4 to 29.2 mg/day; CaOx saturation +18%
• Drinking cranberry juice cocktail daily from early pregnancy until delivery did not change obstetric or newborn outcomes compared with placebo in 188 women. — Pregnant women randomized before 16 weeks to cranberry juice cocktail or placebo until delivery (n = 188) Evidence B source
  No differences in obstetrical or neonatal outcomes (preterm delivery, route of delivery, birth weight, Apgar, NICU admission)

What is still unknown

• A 2024 meta-analysis of foods, drinks and diets for chronic constipation in adults found 23 studies with 1714 participants, none on cranberry or cranberry juice. The only juice tested was prune juice, in a single study. — intervention trials (RCTs, non-randomized, uncontrolled) of foods, drinks and diets in adults with chronic constipation, searched to July 2023 (n = 23 studies (17 RCTs), 1714 participants) Evidence A source
  No cranberry juice studies found; prune juice n = 1 study
• A 2023 systematic review of cranberry trials and cohorts in pregnancy found the trials recruited only 33% of eligible women and lost 41%, too much missing data to estimate any protective effect. — Pregnant women in clinical trials and observational studies of cranberry supplements for UTI prevention, searched to August 2023 Evidence B source
  Average recruitment rate 33%; average dropout rate 41%

The bottom line

Unsweetened 100 percent juice from concentrate held about 3.4 g of natural sugar per 3.5 oz (100 g) in 8 US samples, with no sucrose and no vitamin C. A usual US glass of 248 g gives about 79 calories. Cranberry cocktail drinks are a different product with added sugar. In healthy adults, a 16 fl oz (480 mL) serving of normal calorie cranberry juice, 280 calories, pushed blood glucose up at 30 minutes, and the low calorie version did not. The blood pressure effect is small. In a pooled subgroup of randomized trials, cranberry juice lowered systolic pressure by 1.52 mmHg (95% CI a fall of 0.07 to 2.97 mmHg), which barely clears zero. In 40 middle aged adults with overweight and raised blood pressure, 17 fl oz (500 mL) a day of a 27 percent cranberry juice drink for 8 weeks left the main endpoint, central systolic pressure, unchanged and cut daytime diastolic pressure by about 2 mmHg. In 295 children aged 6 to 16 carrying Helicobacter pylori, 6.8 fl oz (200 mL) a day for 3 weeks cleared it in 16.9 percent against 1.5 percent on placebo, and most of them tested positive again a month later. In 341 children at day care, 3 months of juice did not change common infections. Who should be careful. If you take warfarin, three small trials, with 30 patients, 10 healthy volunteers and 7 men with atrial fibrillation, found no change in warfarin levels or clotting time, at 8.1 to 8.5 fl oz (240 to 250 mL) a day in the patients and 6.8 fl oz (200 mL) three times a day in the volunteers, and in the largest one INR differed from placebo only on day 12. One elderly man on warfarin who drank nothing but cranberry juice for two weeks died of internal bleeding, and the report could not establish that the juice caused it. The authors of the 7 man trial still advise checking INR closely. On kidney stones the trials disagree. A liter a day for a week raised calcium oxalate saturation in urine by 18 percent in 24 adults, half of them stone formers, while 17 fl oz (500 mL) a day for two weeks lowered urinary oxalate in 20 young men without stones. In 12 healthy men a glass did not change cyclosporine levels, and a review of drug studies found no interaction with the antibiotics amoxicillin or cefaclor. In older adults taking omeprazole, a small trial found the juice raised absorption of vitamin B12 from food, from a low 0.50 percent.

Sources

1. crju-r6-18 · reference dataset
   FDC 2003594 Cranberry juice, not fortified, from concentrate, shelf stable: Glucose 2.698 g/100 g (2.45-3.03, n=8) · Fructose 0.715 g (0.61-0.89) · Sucrose 0.0 g · Vitamin C 0.0 mg · Potassium 70.58 mg (61.3-91.2)
   USDA FoodData Central Foundation Foods, release 2026-04-30, FDC 2003594 Cranberry juice, not fortified, from concentrate · checked 2026-09-29
2. ev-cjc-06 · food composition dataset
   Cranberry juice, not fortified, from concentrate, shelf stable | Fructose 0.715 g per 100 g (range 0.61-0.89, n=8) | Glucose 2.698 g per 100 g (range 2.45-3.03, n=8) | Sucrose 0.0 g per 100 g (n=8)
   USDA FoodData Central, Foundation Foods (release 2026-04-30), FDC 2003594, Cranberry juice, not fortified, from concentrate, shelf stable · checked 2026-10-07
3. crju-r6-19 · reference dataset
   FNDDS 2709324 Cranberry juice, 100%, not a blend: Energy 32 kcal/100 g · Quantity not specified 248 g 79.4 kcal · 1 fl oz (no ice) 31 g 9.9 kcal
   USDA FNDDS 2021-2023, food code 64105400 (Cranberry juice, 100%, not a blend) · checked 2026-09-29
4. crju-r6-13 · absorption study
   Protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption was lower in the omeprazole-treated group (0.50%) compared to the normal group (1.21%; p < 0.001). With cranberry juice ingestion, the omeprazole-treated group showed an increase in absorbed protein-bound vitamin B12 (p = 0.025).
   J Am Coll Nutr, 1994 · checked 2026-09-29
5. crju-r6-02 · meta-analysis
   The random-effects pooled risk ratio (RR) for cranberry users vs nonusers was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49-0.80), with a moderate degree of heterogeneity (I(2) = 43%) after the exclusion of 1 outlier study. On subgroup analysis, cranberry-containing products seemed to be more effective in several subgroups, including women with recurrent UTIs (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83) (I(2) = 0%), female populations (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34-0.73) (I(2) = 34%), children (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.69) (I(2) = 0%), cranberry juice drinkers (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.72) (I(2) = 2%)
   Arch Intern Med, 2012 · checked 2026-09-29
6. crju-r6-03 · meta-analysis
   In subgroup analysis, these associations were limited to cranberry juice (SBP by 1.52 mmHg [95% CI - 2.97 to - 0.07; P = 0.05], DBP by 1.78 mmHg [95% CI - 3.43 to - 0.12, P = 0.04]
   Eur J Nutr, 2021 · checked 2026-09-29
7. crju-r6-04 · randomized controlled trial
   There was no significant treatment effect of cranberry juice supplementation on the primary endpoint of central systolic blood pressure or central or brachial diastolic pressure. Cranberry juice significantly reduced 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP by ~2 mm Hg compared to the placebo (p = 0.05) during daytime hours.
   Nutrients, 2021 · checked 2026-09-29
8. ev-cjc-02 · meta-analysis
   Fruits resulted in higher stool frequency than psyllium (MD: +0.36 bowel movements [BM]/week, [0.25-0.48], n = 232), kiwifruits in particular (MD: +0.36 BM/week, [0.24-0.48], n = 192); there was no difference for prunes compared with psyllium.
   Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
9. ev-cjc-04 · RCT
   Urine CRAN-linked metabolites increased significantly after supplementation, but no trial differences in alpha or beta microbiota diversity were found in the stool samples.
   Nutrients, 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
10. ev-cjc-05 · RCT
    Cranberries attenuated the impact of the animal-based diet on microbiota composition, bile acids, and SCFA, evidencing their capacity to modulate the gut microbiota.
    J Nutr Biochem, 2018 · checked 2026-10-07
11. ev-crjp-01 · systematic review
    Both these trials view cranberry juice as potentially effective at preventing UTIs in pregnancy but a Cochrane review by Jepson et al. [34] included both these studies in a meta-analysis and found cranberries to be ineffective in preventing UTIs in pregnancy.
    BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018 · checked 2026-10-07
12. ev-crjp-03 · systematic review of RCTs
    Cranberry, however, was not efficacious in the treatment of urinary tract infections; finally, raspberry leaf did not shorten the first stage of labor, and garlic did not prevent pre-eclampsia.
    J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2013 · checked 2026-10-07
13. ev-crjp-04 · RCT
    More women in the once daily dosing group and the placebo group were likely to have at least one UTI during the study compared to the multiple daily dosing group (7/67 [10.4%], 7/63 [11.1%] versus 4/58 [6.9%], respectively, p=0.71, Fisher’s exact test).
    Wing et al., The Journal of Urology, 2008 · checked 2026-10-07
14. crju-r6-05 · randomized controlled trial
    The CJ and placebo groups (n=14 and 16, respectively) did not differ significantly in mean plasma R- and S-warfarin concentrations. Eight patients (4 on CJ, 4 on placebo) developed minimally elevated INR (range, 3.38-4.52) during the treatment period. Mean INR differed significantly (P<.02) only on treatment day 12
    J Clin Pharmacol, 2009 · checked 2026-09-29
15. crju-r6-06 · randomized crossover trial
    Cranberry juice did not increase the peak plasma concentration or area under concentration-time curve (AUC) of the probe drugs or their metabolites, but slightly decreased (7%; P=0.051) the AUC of S-warfarin. Cranberry juice did not change the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
    Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2007 · checked 2026-09-29
16. crju-r6-07 · randomized crossover trial
    Our results suggest no significant interaction between the daily consumption of 250 mL cranberry juice and warfarin. When counseling patients on dietary changes necessary during warfarin treatment, it does not seem necessary to eliminate daily cranberry juice consumption at amounts of 250 mL, but the INR should be followed up closely.
    J Am Diet Assoc, 2006 · checked 2026-09-29
17. crju-r6-09 · randomized crossover trial
    Cranberry juice had no clinically significant effect on the overall disposition of cyclosporine. After administration of cyclosporine with cranberry juice, the ratios of least squares means for AUCt, AUCinf, and Cmax for cyclosporine were 95.0% (95% CI, 90.3%-100.1%), 93.4% (95% CI, 89.2%-97.8%), and 95.2% (95% CI, 86.9%-104.2%), respectively.
    Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2006 · checked 2026-09-29
18. crju-r6-10 · systematic review
    No significant interaction occurred with cranberry juice for two tested drugs (amoxicillin and cefaclor).
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2024 · checked 2026-09-29
19. ev-cjc-07 · Cochrane meta-analysis of RCTs
    The number of participants with gastrointestinal side effects probably does not differ between those taking cranberry products and those receiving placebo or no specific treatment (10 studies, 2166 participants: RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.77; I² = 0%; moderate certainty evidence).
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2023, Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections · checked 2026-10-07
20. ev-cjc-09 · RCT
    Cranberry juice has no effect on plasma S- or R-warfarin plasma levels, excluding a pharmacokinetic interaction. A small though statistically significant pharmacodynamic enhancement of INR by CJ at a single time point is unlikely to be clinically important and may be a random change.
    J Clin Pharmacol, 2009 · checked 2026-10-07
21. ev-crjp-02 · systematic review
    Both trials had a high withdrawal rate mostly due to gastrointestinal disturbances which can limit its use on grounds of acceptability to women.
    BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018 · checked 2026-10-07
22. ev-crjp-05 · RCT
    73/188 (38.8%) subjects could not complete the study and withdrew, most for gastrointestinal upset including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dislike of taste (44 of 73).
    Wing et al., The Journal of Urology, 2008 · checked 2026-10-07
23. ev-crjp-07 · cohort study
    However, sub-analyses with first trimester exposures only revealed no increased risk of overall malformations (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.8–3.2) or major malformations (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.5–3.6).
    Heitmann et al., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 13:345 · checked 2026-10-07
24. ev-crjp-08 · cohort study
    Furthermore, when adjusting for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal smoking, maternal folic acid use, UTI, previous miscarriages or stillbirths, and physical activity, no associations were found between use of cranberry during the second and/or third trimester and bleeding after week 17 (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.8, p =0.08) or vaginal bleeding more than spotting after week 17 (adjusted OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–2.1, p = 0.40).
    Heitmann et al., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 13:345 · checked 2026-10-07
25. crju-r6-12 · randomized crossover trial
    The ingestion of cranberry juice significantly and uniquely altered three key urinary risk factors. Oxalate and phosphate excretion decreased while citrate excretion increased.
    BJU Int, 2003 · checked 2026-09-29
26. crju-r6-14 · randomized trial
    No significant differences in postprandial blood glucose or insulin were observed in the groups receiving nothing, water, or low-calorie treatments. In contrast, the ingestion of normal-calorie CBJ and normal-calorie control beverage resulted in significantly higher blood glucose concentrations 30 minutes postprandially
    J Med Food, 2008 · checked 2026-09-29
27. crju-r6-17 · regulatory register entry
    POL-HC-6989 Cranberry (Lingonberry) juice, (Vaccinium vitis idaea, Vaccinium macrocarpon) Cranberry juice helps to keep the urinary system in a healthy condition; Lingonberry juice has a positive efect on the urinary tract; Non-authorised
    EU Register on nutrition and health claims, claim POL-HC-6989, snapshot 2026-09-21 · checked 2026-09-29
28. ev-cjc-10 · agency position
    There is conflicting evidence about whether cranberry interacts with the anticoagulant (blood thinner) warfarin.
    NCCIH (NIH), Cranberry: Usefulness and Safety, updated November 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
29. ev-cjc-12 · guideline
    There is no evidence to support physical activity, fluid, or fiber intake in the treatment of FC in children beyond the recommended daily amounts.
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2026, ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines for treatment of functional constipation in children aged 0-18 years · checked 2026-10-07
30. ev-crjp-10 · agency position
    Some studies of the use of cranberry during pregnancy or while breastfeeding suggest it is safe in amounts commonly found in food, but the evidence is not conclusive for use in larger amounts.
    NCCIH (NIH), Cranberry: Usefulness and Safety, updated November 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
31. crju-r6-01 · meta-analysis
    We found that cranberry-based products intake can significantly reduce the incidence of UTIs in susceptible populations (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70; 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.59 ~ 0.83; P<0.01). We identified a relative risk reduction of 32%, 45% and 51% in women with recurrent UTIs (RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56 ~ 0.81), children (RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31 ~ 0.97) and patients using indwelling catheters (RR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.33 ~ 0.73).
    PLoS One, 2021 · checked 2026-09-29
32. crju-r6-08 · case report
    We report a case of fatal internal haemorrhage in an elderly man who consumed only cranberry juice for two weeks while maintaining his usual dosage of warfarin.
    J R Soc Promot Health, 2008 · checked 2026-09-29
33. crju-r6-11 · randomized crossover trial
    CBJ significantly increased urinary calcium (from 154 to 177 mg per day, p =0.0008) and urinary oxalate (from 26.4 to 29.2 mg per day, p =0.04), thereby increasing urinary saturation of calcium oxalate by 18%.
    J Urol, 2005 · checked 2026-09-29
34. crju-r6-15 · randomized controlled trial
    Cranberry juice had no effect on common infectious diseases or their symptoms.
    Clin Nutr, 2005 · checked 2026-09-29
35. crju-r6-16 · randomized controlled trial
    Helicobacter pylori eradication rates significantly differed in the four groups: 1.5% in the control group compared with 14.9%, 16.9%, and 22.9% in the La1, CB, and CB/La1 groups, respectively (P < 0.01)
    Nutrition, 2008 · checked 2026-09-29
36. ev-cjc-03 · RCT
    The carriage of respiratory bacteria did not change significantly during the intervention, while fecal fatty acid composition changed significantly with time (P<0.001) but did not differ between the groups (P>0.05).
    Clin Nutr, 2005 · checked 2026-10-07
37. ev-cjc-08 · agency position
    However, if consumed in very large amounts, cranberry can cause stomach upset and diarrhea, particularly in young children.
    NCCIH (NIH), Cranberry: Usefulness and Safety, updated November 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
38. ev-cjc-11 · RCT
    CBJ significantly increased urinary calcium (from 154 to 177 mg per day, p =0.0008) and urinary oxalate (from 26.4 to 29.2 mg per day, p =0.04), thereby increasing urinary saturation of calcium oxalate by 18%.
    J Urol, 2005 · checked 2026-10-07
39. ev-crjp-06 · RCT
    There were no differences between the groups with regards to obstetrical or neonatal outcomes (Table 4).
    Wing et al., The Journal of Urology, 2008 · checked 2026-10-07
40. ev-cjc-01 · meta-analysis
    We included 23 studies (17 RCTs, 6 uncontrolled; 1714 participants): kiwifruit (n = 7), high-mineral water (n = 4), prunes (n = 2), rye bread (n = 2), mango, fig, cereal, oat bran, yoghurt, water supplementation, prune juice, high-fibre diet, no-fibre diet (n = 1).
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2024 · checked 2026-10-07
41. ev-crjp-09 · systematic review
    Among the obstacles, we identified a low average recruitment rate of 33% and a substantial average dropout rate of 41% (resulting in unacceptable missing data levels to obtain reliable estimation of their prophylactic effect in pregnant women).
    Cureus, 2023, 15(10):e46738 · checked 2026-10-07